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Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge consists of three major parts; the Offshore Bridge and Tunnel; the Boundary Crossing Facilitates (BCF) at Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macao; and the Link Roads in these three regions. It has been mutually agreed that the offshore bridge and tunnel within mainland Chinese territory (from the Guangdong/Hong Kong border to the BCFs of Zhuhai and Macao) will be built jointly by the three regional governments, and the remaining section in Hong Kong territory (from San Shek Wan in Hong Kong to the Guangdong/Hong Kong border) will be built by the Hong Kong Government. The BCFs of the three regions and their link roads will be built independently by each jurisdiction.
The Offshore bridge and tunnel will follow a route from San Shek Wan to Zhuhai Gongbei / Macao Pearl, starting from San Shek Wan on Lantau Island in Hong Kong, connecting to the BCF in Hong Kong, passing through Hong Kong waters, then continuing to the west along the north side of the 23DY anchorage, before crossing several navigation channels (Tonggu Channel, Lingding West Channel, Qingzhou Channel and Jiuzhou Channel) to complete at the artificial islands of Zhuhai and Macao BCFs. The total length of the crossing is about 35.6km, of which 6km is in Hong Kong territory and 29.6km is in the territory of Guangdong.
The Offshore bridge and tunnel will follow a route from San Shek Wan to Zhuhai Gongbei / Macao Pearl, starting from San Shek Wan on Lantau Island in Hong Kong, connecting to the BCF in Hong Kong, passing through Hong Kong waters, then continuing to the west along the north side of the 23DY anchorage, before crossing several navigation channels (Tonggu Channel, Lingding West Channel, Qingzhou Channel and Jiuzhou Channel) to complete at the artificial islands of Zhuhai and Macao BCFs. The total length of the crossing is about 35.6km, of which 6km is in Hong Kong territory and 29.6km is in the territory of Guangdong.
A scheme using a bridge and tunnel combination has been adopted for this main part of the project; the tunnel section is approximately 6.7km long across the Lingding West Channel and Tonggu Channel, and the bridge section is about 22.9 km. For the transitions of the bridge to tunnel sections and to accommodate the tunnel ventilation shafts, artificial islands are being built at each end of the tunnel. The east edge of the east artificial island is 150m from the Hong Kong border, and the east edge of the west artificial island is 1800m from the Lingding West Channel. The minimum edge to edge distance between the artificial islands is approximately 5250m.
The bridge and tunnel section provides a dual 3-lane carriageway with a design speed of 100 km/h. The total bridge width is 33.1m, with the tunnel width of 2×14.25m and a vertical clearance of 5.1 meters. The design live load for the bridge complies with both China’s Highway Class I for Bridge Design Vehicle Loads, and the live load provisions in the Design Manual for Roads and Railways of Hong Kong. The designed service life of the bridge is 120 years. The remaining technical standards adopted are in accordance with Highway Technical Standard (JTGB01-2003) issued by the Ministry of Transport of China. Navigation standards are in accordance with the statement of Navigation Clearance and Technical Demands of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (JSF [2008] No.97) by Ministry of Transport of China.
The BCFs will be built independently and administered by the local authorities of the three governments in a format of “Three regions, Three Custom Inspections”. The BCF for Hong Kong will be located in Hong Kong. The BCFs for the mainland (Zhuhai) and Macao will be co-located on an artificial island in mainland waters adjacent to Mingzhu, Macao. The reclaimed land of 208.87 hectares for this artificial island consists of four distinct areas,the administration facilities of HZMB; the connecting area in Zhuhai; the Zhuhai BCF administrative area and the Macao BCF administrative area.
The link road to Zhuhai starts at the Zhuhai BCF on Zhuhai -Macao artificial island, passes Wan Chai and the north side of Zhuhai Free Trade Zone. and ends at Hong Wan in Zhuhai. It will then connect to a proposed 13.4km highway, to form the Pearl River Delta regional loop, from Nanping in Zhuhai to Hong Wan. The link road will be constructed to two-way six-lane expressway standard, with the design speed of 80 km/h, the roadbed width of 32 m, the total bridge width of 31.5 m and tunnel width of 2×14 meters. The designed load rating for vehicle will be Highway- Grade I, and the remaining technical standards adopted will be in accordance with Highway Technical Standard (JTGB01-2003) issued by the Ministry of Transport.